National Parties in India after the General Elections 2014 are
1. BHARATHIYA JANATHA PARTY (BJP)
2. COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MARXIST) (CPIM)
3. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS. (INC)
Detailed discussion is below.
Before the General Elections 2014 there were 6 National Parties in India[i]. They were
(Courtesy: Wikipedia)
The law that classifies a party as a national, state and other parties is Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968 (Order of 1968 in short)[ii]. According to the Order of 1968 Paragraph 6A[iii] classify a party as a State Party and Paragraph 6B[iv] as a National Party.
BSP NCP and CPI lost there status as National Political Parties after there Election. NCP secures only 6 seats, BSP fails to score any and CPI only 1 seat. As per the Order of 1968 none of them qualifies conditions to be a national party. They fails to secure 6% percent of total votes polled, the total seats of the party must atleat 2% of the total seats of Lok Shaba. All the three party fails to be a state party in four states.
BJP & CONGRESS satisfies the 1st condition of Paragaph 6B of Order of 1698
POSITION OF CPI(M)
At present CPIM need not worry about losing the National party Status as they are now enjoying Conditions (ii) and (iii) of the Order of 1968.
Condition ii
(ii) At the last general election to the House of the People, the party has won at least two percent of the total number of seats in the House of the People, any fraction exceeding half being counted as one; and the party’s candidates have been elected to that House from not less than three States.
CPIM had secured 9 seats out of 543. As per the Condition ii the representation of the Party is to have atleast 2% of total seats. Hence the representation of party is (9/543)%=1.65%. As per the clause any fraction exceeding half being counted as one, hence the 1.65 turns to 2.00%. and have representation from 3 states Kerala, West Bengal and TripuraHence CPIM can retain its status.
Condition iii
iii) The party is recognized as State party in at least four States.
CPIM fulfills the conditions as a state party in four states, viz West Bengal, Kerala, Tripura and Tamil Nadu. One of the condition for becoming a state party is that the party must got at least 3% of seats in the Legislative Assembly. In Tamil Nadu out of 234 seats CPIM have 10 seats which comes to 4.3%. Hence it retains the status of National Party.
[i] http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/year2014/EnglishNotification_12032014.pdf
[ii] http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/Election_Symbol_2011_order_1968.pdf
[iii] 6A. Conditions for recognition as a State Party – Apolitical party shall be eligible for recognition as a State party in a State, if, and only if, any of the following conditions is fulfilled:
(i) At the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the candidates set up by the party have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in the State; and, in addition, the party has returned at least two members to the Legislative Assembly of that State at such general election; or
(ii) At the last general election to the House of the People from that State, the candidates set up by the party have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in the State; and, in addition, the party has returned at least one member to the House of the People from that State at such general election; or
(iii) At the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the party has won at least three percent of the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly, (any fraction exceeding half being counted as one), or at least three seats in the Assembly, whichever is more; or
(iv) At the last general election to the House of the People from the State, the party has returned at least one member to the House of the People for every 25 members or any fraction thereof allotted to that State;] or
{(v) At the last general election to the House of the People from the State, or at the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the candidates set up by the Party have secured not less than eight percent of the total valid votes polled in the State.}
[iv] 6B. Conditions for recognition as a National Party – A political party shall be eligible to be recognized as National party, if, and only if, any of the following conditions is fulfilled:
(i) The candidates set up by the party, in any four or more States, at the last general election to the House of the People, or to the Legislative Assembly of the State concerned, have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in each of those States at that general election; and, in addition, it has returned at least four members to the House of the People at the aforesaid last general election from any State or States; or
(ii) At the last general election to the House of the People, the party has won at least two percent of the total number of seats in the House of the People, any fraction exceeding half being counted as one; and the party’s candidates have been elected to that House from not less than three States; or
(iii) The party is recognized as State party in at least four States.]
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